УДК 631.82
Zueva A.A., Fedorov A.N.
Abstract The paper analyzes the effect of air humidity deficit (D) on the balance of nitrogen losses during surface application of urea. It is shown that at high D (>10 hPa), evaporation limits initial hydrolysis, reducing immediate NH₃ losses, but increases the risk of subsequent nitrate leaching during precipitation. At low D (<5 hPa), accelerated hydrolysis leads to significant atmospheric losses with limited NO₃⁻ migration. The mechanisms of urea transformation, the calculated D dependencies, and the interaction of meteorological and soil factors are considered. Practical recommendations are given for minimizing losses by coordinating the timing of application with meteorological forecasts and using urease inhibitors.
Keywords: urea, air humidity deficit, volatile ammonia losses, nitrate leaching, urea hydrolysis, agrometeorology, agrochemistry, and urease inhibitors
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